Saturday, May 23, 2020

Donald Trumps Family Tree

Donald Trump is the child of an immigrant parent and is, therefore, a first-generation American. Trump was born in New York City, which was also where his Scottish mother and American-born father, who himself was the child of German immigrants, met and married. A Brief History Friederich  Trump, Donald Trumps grandfather, immigrated from Germany in 1885. He was an entrepreneur, as his grandson would later be, and sought fortune during the Klondike Gold Rush of the late 1890s. Before settling in New York City, he operated the Arctic Restaurant and Hotel in Bennett, British Columbia. Donald Trump was the fourth of five children born to Frederick Christ and Mary MacLeod Trump. The future president was born in the New York City borough of Queens on June 14, 1946. He learned about real estate from his father, who took over the family construction business at the age of 13 when Fredericks father, Trumps grandfather, died of influenza in 1918. The following Trump family tree includes Trumps family back to his great grandparents and was compiled using the  ahnentafel genealogical numbering system. Family Tree First Generation (Conjugal Family) 1.  Donald John Trump  was born on June 14, 1946, in New York City.   Donald John Trump and Ivana Zelnickova Winklmayr were married on April 7, 1977, in New York City.  They divorced on March 22, 1992. They had the following children: i. Donald Trump Jr.: Born December 31, 1977, in New York City. He was married to Vanessa Kay Haydon from 2005 to 2018. Their five children are Chloe Sophia Trump, Kai Madison Trump, Tristan Milos Trump, Donald Trump III, and Spencer Frederick Trump. ii. Ivanka Trump: Born October 30, 1981, in New York City.  She is married to Jared Corey Kushner. Their three children are Arabella Rose Kushner, Joseph Frederick Kushner, and Theodore James Kushner. iii. Eric Trump: Born January 6, 1984, in New York City. He is married to Lara Lea Yunaska. Donald Trump and Marla Maples married on December 20, 1993, in New York City. They divorced on June 8, 1999. Their only child was: i. Tiffany Trump: Born October 13, 1993, in West Palm Beach, Florida. Donald Trump married  Melania Knauss (born Melanija Knavs) on January 22, 2005, in Palm Beach, Florida. They have one child: i. Barron William Trump: Born March 20, 2006, in New York City. Second Generation (Parents) 2.  Frederick Christ (Fred) Trump  was born on October 11, 1905, in New York City.  He died on June 25, 1999, in New Hyde Park, New York. 3.  Mary Anne MacLeod  was born on May 10, 1912, in Isle of Lewis, Scotland.  She died on August 7, 2000, in New Hyde Park, New York. Fred Trump and Mary MacLeod were married in January 1936 in New York City.  They had the following children: i. Maryanne Trump: Born April 5, 1937, in New York City. ii. Fred Trump Jr.: Born in 1938 in New York City and died in 1981. iii. Elizabeth Trump: Born in 1942 in New York City. 1.  iv.  Donald John Trump. v. Robert Trump: Born in August 1948 in New York City. Third Generation (Grandparents) 4.  Friederich (Fred) Trump  was born on March 14, 1869, in Kallstadt, Germany.  He immigrated to the United States in 1885 from Hamburg, Germany aboard the ship Eider and acquired United States citizenship in 1892 in Seattle.  He died on March 30, 1918, in New York City. 5.  Elizabeth Christ  was born on October 10, 1880, in Kallstadt and died on June 6, 1966, in New York City. Fred Trump and Elizabeth Christ were married on August 26, 1902, in Kallstadt. Fred and Elizabeth had the following children: i. Elizabeth (Betty) Trump: Born April 30, 1904, in New York City  and died on December 3, 1961, in New York City. 2.  ii.  Frederick Christ (Fred) Trump. iii. John George Trump: Born August 21, 1907, in New York City and died on February 21, 1985, in Boston, Massachusetts. 6.  Malcolm MacLeod  was born on December 27, 1866, in Stornoway, Scotland to Alexander and Anne MacLeod. He was a fisherman and crofter and also served as the compulsory officer in charge of enforcing attendance at a local school beginning in 1919 (end date unknown). He  died on June 22, 1954, in Tong, Scotland. 7.  Mary Smith  was born on July 11, 1867, in Tong, Scotland to Donald Smith and Henrietta McSwane. Her father died when she was just over one year old, and she and her three siblings were raised by their mother. Mary died on December 27, 1963. Malcolm MacLeod and Mary Smith were married in the Back  Free Church of Scotland a few miles  from Stornoway, the only town on the Isle of Lewis in Scotland. Their marriage was witnessed by Murdo MacLeod and Peter Smith.  Malcolm and Mary had the following children: i. Malcolm M. MacLeod Jr.: Born September 23, 1891, in Tong, Scotland and died Jan. 20, 1983, on Lopez Island, Washington. ii. Donald MacLeod: Born in 1894. iii.  Christina MacLeod: Born in 1896. iv. Katie Ann MacLeod: Born in 1898. v. William MacLeod: Born in 1898. vi. Annie MacLeod: Born in 1900. vii. Catherine MacLeod: Born in 1901. viii. Mary Johann MacLeod: Born in 1905. ix. Alexander MacLeod: Born in 1909. 3. x. Mary Anne MacLeod. Fourth Generation (Great-Grandparents) 8.  Christian Johannes Trump  was born in June 1829 in Kallstadt, Germany and died July 6, 1877, in Kallstadt. 9.  Katherina Kober  was born in 1836 in Kallstadt, Germany and died in November 1922 in Kallstadt. Christian Johannes Trump and Katherina Kober were married on September 29, 1859, in Kallstadt. They had one child: 4.  i.  Friederich (Fred) Trump. 10.  Christian Christ,  birth date unknown. 11.  Anna Maria Rathon,  birth date unknown. Christian Christ and Anna Maria Rathon were married. They had the following child: 5.  i.  Elizabeth Christ. 12.  Alexander MacLeod, a crofter and fisherman,  was born on May 10, 1830, in Stornoway, Scotland to William MacLeod and Catherine/Christian MacLeod. He died in Tong, Scotland on January 12, 1900. 13.  Anne MacLeod  was born in 1833 in Tong, Scotland. Alexander MacLeod and Anne MacLeod were married in Tong on December 3, 1853. They had the following children: i. Catherine MacLeod: Born in 1856. ii. Jessie MacLeod: Born in 1857. iii. Alexander MacLeod: Born in 1859. iv. Ann MacLeod: Born in 1865. 6. v.  Malcolm MacLeod. vi. Donald MacLeod. Born June 11, 1869. vii. William MacLeod: Born January 21, 1874. 14.  Donald Smith was born on January 1, 1835, to Duncan Smith and Henrietta MacSwane and was the second of their nine children. He was a woolen weaver and cottar (peasant farmer). Donald died on October 26, 1868,  off the coast Broadbay, Scotland when a squall of wind overturned his boat.   15.  Mary Macauley was born in 1841 in Barvas, Scotland. Donald Smith and Mary Macauley were married on December 16, 1858, in Garrabost on the Isle of Lewis, Scotland.  They had the following children: i. Ann Smith: Born November 8, 1859, in Stornoway, Scotland. ii. John Smith: Born December 31, 1861, in Stornoway. iii. Duncan Smith: Born September 2, 1864, in Stornoway and died October 29, 1937, in Seattle. 7. iv.  Mary Smith.

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Kohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development And Moral Maturity...

Introduction: Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987) is the pioneer of the theory of stages of moral development and participated actively in the development of the fields of moral psychology and moral education. Kohlberg was especially inspired by Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist who created the theory of cognitive development. Mark Baldwin, John Dewey, and George Herbert Mead also influenced his thinking (Barger, 2000; Encyclopedia of Education, 2002). In this paper, I will analyze in-depth Kohlberg’s theory and discuss an article that uses Kohlberg’s theory to foster moral courage for nurses. I-Kohlberg s definition of moral development and moral maturity According to Kohlberg, moral development is a consecutive and invariant evolution of the moral reasoning of human beings from the childhood to adulthood. Thus, Kohlberg defined three levels (pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional) comprising each two stages of moral development, hence, a total of six stages: (1) Obedience and punishment, (2) individualism, instrumentalism, and exchange, (3) â€Å"good boy/girl†, (4) law and order, (5) social contract, (6) principled conscience (Barger, 2000). He believed that moral maturity is reached step-by-step, step. That is, one cannot skip a stage through this process or move back (Villanova University, n.d.). In contrast, Piaget in his cognitive development theory, established four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. In hisShow MoreRelatedTesting Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development for Gender Bias1369 Words   |  6 PagesTesting Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development for G ender Bias Testing Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development for Gender Bias Introduction Building upon Piagets moral development model, which suggests that children around the ages of 10 or 11 transition from a rule-based morality to one that is more relativistic, Kohlberg concluded in his 1958 doctoral dissertation that there were at least five stages of moral development (Crain, 1985). According to Kohlberg, the maturation from one stage toRead MoreThe s Theory Of Moral Development880 Words   |  4 Pagesshe is said to have dedicated her virginity to God and began living a strict life of discipline that included severe fasting and flagellating herself. When she was fifteen she decided to join The Third Order of St. Dominic in resistance to her parent s attempts to marry her off. In order to make herself unattractive to suitors she cut off all of her hair, and after a bout of smallpox she praised God for the scars left on her face. Around the age of twenty, after joining the convent, Catherine had herRead MoreThe Three Stages Of Moral Development In To Kill A Mockingb ird1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kohlberg’s theory is a three level theory relating to moral reasoning and how it develops. In these three levels of moral reasoning there is six sub-stages make his theory more reasonable. The first stage of this theory is Preconventional Moral Reasoning. This first stage is when a child accepts and believes the rules of an authority figure such as parents and teachers. According to Kohlberg children under 10 years of age follow this Preconventional Moral Reasoning. 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Anthony: Can you explain your theory of sexual development in children? Freud: Yes I can. There are five stages in sexual development of children. The first stage happens from 0-1Read MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesKohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development The theory of moral development was founded by the psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg. He argued that starting from infancy extending throughout adulthood, we develop a moral compass that guides us through our life. Each moral judgment can be categorized into three levels, pre-conventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality, with each level encompassing two stages. As we grow older and gain new experiences, we begin to view the worldRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesFinn faces many moral dilemmas through his adventure where his decisions affect the growth of his maturity and morality of his character. However, Huck Finn eventually shows that by the end of the novel that he has matured morally through his interactions and shared experiences with runaway slave Jim and reaches Stage 6 of Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory whereas at the start of the novel he was at Stage 1. Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory is a belief started by John Kohlberg that ranks theRead MoreSocialisation, Personal Identity, Gender Identity And Gender Roles1313 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the findings of Erik Erikson and Lawrence Kohlberg. Erik Erikson’s Theory: Erik Erikson (1902-1994) used Freud’s findings as a foundation to develop a theory about human stage development. During Erikson’s work from 1950-1963 he added modifications to Freud’s findings resulting in a proposition of a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development that occurs over a human’s lifespan and encompasses all life stages of human development; infancy (birth to 18 months), early childhood (2 toRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Contract1832 Words   |  8 Pagesresponsibility and obligation. People who were in stage 6, the supporter of Heinz ‘s behaviour put the principle of saving and respecting life above all other matters; the opposition disagreed and argued that other people might also need the medicine like Heinz’s wife and he should have considered the worth of all life rather than just his wife’s. This stage was called â€Å"universal ethical principles† and this was the highest rank of moral judgment, wh ich people could opine using most general principles as standardsRead MoreSpiritual Formation1595 Words   |  7 Pagescollection of theories. The theories I will refer to include Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory, and Kohlberg’s Development of Moral Reasoning Theory. In Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, he develops a theory of cognitive development that occurs in stages from persons under two years of age through age 14. Piaget’s theory relates to the cognitive development of a human person. In Erik Ericksons Theory of Psychosocial Development, Erikson describes a theory consisting

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Interview with a Senior Citizen Free Essays

My husband was a pilot In the Alarm Force ? o handsomely Both of my parents died when they were fairly young. My mother at 56 and my father at 42. They were both ill. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview with a Senior Citizen or any similar topic only for you Order Now I had my first daughter when I was 28 and my second daughter when I was 31 . I started working at the Flamingo Hotel right out of high school as a front desk clerk. After I got married when I was 20, I became a stay at home mother and am currently living off of alimony checks and social security. Q: Did you go back to work after your daughters left home (Initially)? A: No, he left in 2007 right when the economy was crashing and it was Impossible to find a Job. Q: What are the most memorable experiences that you have had? A: The most memorable experiences that I have had are all good ones. My marriage Is one and the birth of my children. Q: What would you say were most stressful life’s events? A: The death of my parents was very stressful for me. They were all the way in Pennsylvania and traveling across country for the funeral was hard – emotionally and financially. The separation from my husband was especially stressful; I thought I was going to have to file for bankruptcy and foreclose on the house. Q: If you had the opportunity to change anything would you and what would that be? A: Of course I would change the passing of my family members besides that It would be my spending habits when I was young. Maybe then, I would have more In my savings. I try not to live In a world of what-It’s. No regrets my husband always said. A: Housework, of course; golf, swimming, I Jog three times a week on the treadmill I have in the garage. Q: What types of activities do you do to stay social? A: My daughter taught me how to do social media. I go to the country club with the girls every Sunday for a game of golf and a swim when it’s really hot. I also do bingo on Friday nights at one of the Station Casinos. Q: Can you tell me about your medical history? Have you had any major falls, bruises or scrapes? A: I do have a slightly high cholesterol but I’m working on lowering that through diet and exercise. Fortunately, I never had cancer or diabetes and let’s hope I never do. Q: Are you religious? A: Yes, I don’t go to church as much as I used to, but I am still a woman of faith. When my parents passed, it really made me think about the whole scheme of things. Some people allow death to make them feel powerless, but not me. I took it as an excuse to really start living and now I take care of myself better than I did when I was young. It’s never too late! Part II: Interview With a Senior Citizen I interviewed my parent’s neighbor, a 67 year old woman named Shirley. I met Shirley when I was helping my parents move back into their Lass Vegas home. The experience was very humbling and amazing. Shirley home smelled of cookies and backing bread, the home had a mix of traditional and modern furniture and had a lot of her children’s photos on the wall and on tables. Her daughter, who still lives with her, was in the kitchen baking. Before taking a seat, Shirley looks out the front window, commenting about the neighbors newest vehicle; apparently they have had many which has not gone unnoticed by Shirley. I started by taking out my phone to use as a recording device. After closing the curtain halfway, Shirley sat down, ready to start and so was l. I started with the basic topics that were listed on the worksheet and asked some questions of my own. I noticed Shirley had a smile on her face every time she spoke of her childhood and her daughter. She responded to all my questions in a positive manner, which made me think she may have been trying to play everything up, but towards the end of the interview, I was able to see that although she had During the interview, when speaking about the deaths of some of her family members, she became a little emotional. When I asked her how she feels about the deaths of her loved now, she responded by saying that while she has come to terms with their passing, she knows that she isn’t completely powerless when it comes to every day, pushing her to be healthy so she can stick around longer for her daughter. Shirley expressed that the other events that played a major role in her life are the birth of her daughter and her divorce. I gathered that she was a family oriented person and that the separation with her husband was tough on her. Her adult daughter living at home with her and her membership at a local country club seems to help her stay generative (Berger, 2011). Shirley expressed that living with her daughter keeps her young. Shirley recreational and social activities include golfing, puzzles (crossword and Jigsaw), computer games, bingo, and social media. By engaging in mental exercises and active conversation, Shirley will be able to help sustain cognitive function (Berger, 2011). In my assessment of Shirley, she seemed to be a healthy aging adult. When I first met Shirley, I would have guessed that she was a woman in her late fifties, as opposed to ere biological age of 67. When I asked her questions about her physical activities, I found that most of her exercise was in the form of a thirty minute Jog on a treadmill, which she has in the garage, three times a week. Shirley also expressed that she visits the country club where she golf with friends and swims on occasion. She has not had any major falls, bruises or scrapes, she was very level and by playing golf it can be assumed that she still had good eye sight and accuracy for the ball. Shirley stated that she only drank wine on occasion and did not smoke, but behind ere in the kitchen her daughter shook her head and rolled her eyes, pointing to the two empty wine bottles still in the trash can implying her mother may have been under exaggerating her alcohol intake. Shirley is a woman of average height and weight, Just a little weight around the stomach. When I inquired about her medical history, she said that she has been fortunate enough that she has not been diagnosed with anything major, such as cancer or diabetes, but she did state that she had a slightly high cholesterol and is working to reduce that by being more active and eating well. She seemed to be in overall great health besides her alcohol intake. Shirley had great optimism about the future and her kids and about someday being a grandmother. Shirley is in overall good health. She goes on social media, plays golf and bingo to fulfill her social needs. She maintains a good exercise routine and exercises her mind with puzzles. The most valuable information that I received form this interview is to stay active, social, and to take care of my health. How to cite Interview with a Senior Citizen, Papers Interview with a Senior Citizen Free Essays I am interviewing my 72-year-old cousin; she is a mother of 4 children, 3Boys, and 1 Girl. She is still married her husband of 55 years is semi-retired from the family business. They both still live in the same house that they raised their 4 kids in. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview with a Senior Citizen or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. What physical activity were you doing in the past and now in the present? When I was younger I ran the kids everywhere. To school, and school functions, such as sports, clubs, dances, play dates. I went shopping with my sister and mother, with the family or just the kids. I was involved in clubs with my girlfriends such as card games, tennis. I played the piano, did yard work, worked in my garden, laundry. My husband and I went out to dinner, spent time with friends. I also worked in the family business when I could and more so when the kids could work there too or at least help. Now I work at the business 3 times a week, meet cousins for lunch once a month, meet friends for lunch a couple times a week. Still play cards, we take turns on whose house is hosting it. I go with my husband when he shows his cars at the Frog Follies. I spend time with my grandkids. I also have to keep the house up; it has 5 bedrooms, 3 baths, den, living room, and kitchen. I dust, vacuum, and mop floors. I also have treadmill and walk on that, and other excercises I do to keep my joints limber. 2. What do you do to keep yourself mentally alert, any activities or excercises you used in the past and present? Well in the past I helped the kids with their homework so that kept me on my toes. I was also working as the bookkeeper for the family so I was doing a lot of math. I have always read a lot, and I love puzzles, find a word and others. Even now I still work and do the books, I am still reading only on my iPad instead of actual books, still doing puzzles, find the word, and others. I am on the computer or my iPad surfing the net and playing games on Face Book, such as finding hidden objects. Word games, card games and others, I really like cross word on line no erasing. I also took some craft classes on line and learned to crochet, and cross-stitch. I now belong to a book club on line and we read a chosen book and then discuss it, and not just fiction but nonfiction. 3. What meaningful activities give your life meaning? I think spending time with my grandkids gives a lot of meaning to my life, being a grandmother. I did not always get to spend time with my kids. Not like I can with my grandchildren and spending time with my cousins, our family has all but died out except for our generation the 2nd. We all grew up together we were all close. Not our kids they don’t know their cousins like I did mine that’s why we get together now so we can keep in touch, and that’s sad because they have missed out on so much, and I don’t know how that happen with the 3rd and 4th generation of our family. I guess that is why it means so much to me I grew up with them and we are all friends. And we will continue to get together every month until there are none of us left. Our kids come to the lunches but not enough to get know each other. 4. Do you pass on to others what you know, or teach others? Well what crafts I do I have passed on to my granddaughters, just like my mother did, she taught my younger cousin to crochet, and other things. So I am doing the same thing, just like my husband is passing on what he knows about restoring an old car to our grandsons. I know some of my cousins are doing the same thing. I think you should pass on crafts and other thing that we know so they do not die out. 5. What do you do for recreation or leisure now? Well I love cards and still play cards with my friends we get together once or twice a week. My husband and I go to car shows all over the place. I love to go to flea markets and yard sells and will get my sister and we will do that. I still do crafts. I do ceramics, and will take my grandkids with me sometimes. I keep my days full; I am always busy doing something. 6. She and her husband still live in the same house that they have lived in for 45 years; it has 5 bedrooms, a den, living room, kitchen, and 3 baths. It is a brick home out in the country on the Westside of town. It is not out in the boonies like it use to be it is about 5 miles from USI (University of Southern Indiana) but it is not in the city. She still drives they both do, and goes everywhere, she still goes to social events that her and husband belong to. They are very civic minded. For her age she has not slowed down one little bit, she runs her errands goes to the store all on her own. I do not see her stopping what she is doing unless her health becomes an issue, but she has her children that will be there as well as her husband to take her or do for her at any time. As for as environmental issue even the weather does not slow her down, she takes everything in stride, she is not careless, but just has a positive attitude and will continue to do what she has been doing until she cannot do it any longer. She does not feel her age, she does realize how old she is but does not let that define her, she follows the old saying you are as old as you do feel. Part II – My cousin surprises me with her get up and go attitude, she is happy, and projects a very positive outlook for someone her age. She does not let being 72 stop her from doing the things that she has been doing for years. I am sure she has her down days everyone has those but I am sure not very often. She surprised me by all the things that she does in a week’s time, she actually works circles around me and I am her junior by 10 years, it does not seem to bother her that she has aged, she is happy with who and what she has become [ (Berger, 2011) ]. Her overall functioning is amazing; her memory and brain activity does not show any kind of slowing down on her part. When asked about her memories of what she did in the past the way she talked and relived them you would think that it happened yesterday, she is alert, and as total recall, she may have some cognitive problems but I didn’t witness any during the interview. According to our book it states the brain slows down as we reach old age. The elderly does not think as fast as a younger person. When talking with her, she did not have to sit and think about what or how she was going to answer the question there was no hesitation, her recall did not seem to have slowed down at all (Berger, 2011). Her appearance has changed from the blond/brown hair color to a all white color. Her skin is a good color, although it does show some saging under the eyes. She doesn’t wear makeup unless it’s some place required such as funerals etc. She is no more that 5’ 4† she is the shortess in our family and her weight for her size is right. She has no age spots, deep wrinkles, she also does not have the hump on her back like so many adults of her age. She wears reading glasses when she reads but doesn’t require glasses. Her vision has not changed much over the years (Berger, 2011). Her hearing is the same and she says it is better than most of her friends. After looking over the material in our book she is very healthy for a 72 year old women. She keeps activity, excercises, eats the right food, gets enough rest she seems to be doing everything right. Any improvements on what she is doing are very few, maybe slowing down a bit might be in order, but that’s not likely she has always been this way. She doesn’t take on more than she can handle. She is doing very well on keeping as little stress out of her life as she can (Berger, 2011). Talking to her was interesting and it was not as hard as I thought it might be. I am aware that not everyone will talk as freely as she did to me, but it was very imformative on finding out about someone by asking questions. Taking down the information and then writing it out. I noticed that while talking she was very relaxed, arms to her sides or laying loosely in her lap. She also appeared open to the whole interview, everything about her was open and relaxed, at the time I wasn’t aware I had been watching her in this manner until I went to transcribe my notes. I did it without thinking. I hope to follow her inspiring example. How to cite Interview with a Senior Citizen, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Joe jackson Essay Example For Students

Joe jackson Essay Imagine your fate and future resting in the hands of one man’s judgment. This was actually reality for Shoeless Joe Jackson. Many argue that he was one of the best ever to play the game of baseball and was the greatest natural hitter of all-time. Yet, surprisingly, you will not find him among the familiar faces at the Hall of Fame. He was permanently banned from baseball, as well as seven others, for allegedly helping to throw the 1919 World Series. Joseph Jefferson Jackson was born on July 16, 1888 in Pickins County, South Carolina. He was the oldest of eight children and grew up the son of a cotton mill worker. He began working in the mill at age thirteen and never learned how to read or write. He played baseball in his spare time, and his exceptional skills landed him in the minor leagues by the age of eighteen. He first entered professional baseball in 1908 with Greenville in the Carolina Association. It was during this same year that he received the nickname â€Å"Shoeless† Joe after he had just bought a new pair of spikes. They wore blisters on his feet and they hurt so badly that he just played in his stocking feet. Although he played only one game without the spikes, he was known as â€Å"Shoeless Joe† from then on (McGee 1). Shoeless Joe made his major league debut later that year, in 1908, with the Philadelphia Athletics. He only played there a short time before being transferred to the Cleveland Indians. Finally, in 1915 he was sold to Charles Comiskey and the Chicago White Sox. It was here that he played his last few years of professional baseball and his life would be forever changed. From the years 1917 to 1919 the Chicago White Sox were by far the dominant team in baseball. It is speculated that they could have â€Å"gone on to become one of the greatest teams in history† (Schwalbe 2). However, despite having the most talented team around, Charles Comiskey paid his players considerably less than any other winning team (Durst 2). Due to the oppression they were under, the player’s morale began to decrease as their need for money increased. They considered going on strike, but were talked out of it by their manager, â€Å"Kid† Gleason. They remained desperate until first baseman Chick Gandil met with a notorious gambler named â€Å"Sport† Sullivan. The White Sox were far ahead in the standings and were headed to the World Series against the Cincinnati Reds. Gandil told Sullivan that he knew the Series could be fixed, especially due to the present conditions. He wanted $80,000, which Sullivan agreed to. Gandil had difficulties at first, but he ostensibly persuaded teammates Eddie Cicotte, Claude â€Å"Lefty† Williams, Buck Weaver, Fred McMullen, â€Å"Happy† Felsch, Swede Risberg, and Joe Jackson into joining him in the fix (Schwalbe 4). The scandal began to rise to great proportions as the rumors began to spread. One of the biggest professional gamblers became involved, Arnold Rothstein, as well as gamblers â€Å"Sleepy Bill† Burns and Billy Maharg. Other gamblers started laying down unusual bets, as the greed for money heightened. Comiskey and Gleason heard the rumors of the fix, but refused to believe them (Schwalbe 6). Slowly, signs began to show that something was not right. In a best-of-nine series, the White Sox lost the first, second, fourth, fifth, and eighth games. The World Series Championship went to the Reds and left Comiskey furious. He supposedly said the involved players would never play for him again.Nevertheless, the 1920 season went under way, and the White Sox were in hot co ntention for the pennant and had record profits at the box office. Finally, in September of 1920, a Cook County grand jury looked into allegations that the 1919 World Series had been thrown. Cicotte was called into court and was the first to admit to the scandal, followed by Shoeless Joe. Illinois had no law about fixing games, and the eight players were acquitted of the charges brought against them for defrauding the public and injuring the business of Charles Comiskey and the American League (Schwalbe 9). To Kill A Mockingbird: Man Versus Society EssayBaseball great Ted William’s is trying to get Joe Jackson’s name to be placed on the Hall of Fame ballot and have even given the Hall a legal memorandumin support of that request. Cooperstown should now act. It’s time, and it’s the right thing to do. Ted regrets the times when the Redsoxs used to travel to South Carolina and he did not go to see Joe and talk baseball, talk hitting from one of the most pure hitters ever to hold a bat. A person must make his own opinion of the events taken place in 1919. They have to take into account the whole of the story, not just bits and peace Realizing that although the Scandal of the 1919 World Series was a disappointment to the integrity of major league baseball, it is a comforting feeling to know that despite the temptation of bribe money, not all of the players involved intended or attempted to throw any of the series games. Having absolutely no evidence to back the charges against Shoeless Joe Jacksons role or lack of role in the scandal, indicates that justice should prevail and he should be given his rightful place in Cooperstown at the Baseball Hall of Fame. Bibliography: